In the mid-1990s, University of Cambridge biochemists David Klenerman and Shankar Balasubramanian were trying to solve a fundamental problem: how to watch a single DNA polymerase molecule at work. Their approach used modified nucleotides, called reversible terminators, tagged with four different colors of fluorescent molecules. If one of these “terminators” was grabbed by the DNA polymerase and incorporated onto the replicating DNA strand, it would block the addition of any other bases until removed using a separate chemical reaction.
一个巨头的陨落，同样是行业断代的诱因。尔东升在《胡金铨、张彻、楚原的“武侠新世纪”》论坛中直言，“整个邵氏的没落,除了经营方式之外,也是因为青黄不接,没有新一代的导演和创作人进去,公司老化没有完全新意。面对新浪潮的改朝换代,它的没落是非常快的,两年之间基本上就垮掉了。”
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与此同时，研发投入在千万元及以上区间的企业数量，已经连续五年保持两位数的增长，反映出更多企业正在系统化、规模化地投入研发活动。